Hp 11c manual

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All forum topics Previous Topic Next Topic. New member. Message 1 of HP Recommended. Tags 2. You might also like. December 14, July 26, August 24, July 26, May 31, July 26, When the user mode was in effect and the USER annunciator showed in the display the gold shifted labels A-E were swapped with the unshifted math functions on the same keys. This allowed 5 user programs to be invoked with single keystrokes.

Manual Available HPC features. Technology and Packaging. Pressing ITQJ calculates the common antilogarithm of the number in the displayed X-register, that is, it raises 10 to the power ofthat number. To use any of these functions , key in the Y-register value first, press I ENTER I to lift the value into the Y-register, key in the displayed X-register value, then execute the function.

Exponential Pressing [2J raises the number in the Y-register to the power of the number in t he X-register. To find a specified percentage of a number : 1.

Key in the base number. Key in the percent rate. Press []]oo. The stack does not lift, so any values held in the Z- and T-registers before pressing []]oo will remain. Percent Difference. To find the percent difference: 1. Key in the base number typically, the number that occurs first in time. Angle e is measured as shown in the illustration to the right. The answer returned for e is between and - Display Pressing m I P I". X I calculates the number of possible arrangements of y different items taken in quantities of x items at a time, where different orders of the same x items are counted separately.

No item occurs more than once in an arrangement. I P "X I calculates permutations by the following formula: y! Section 3: Numeric Functions 53 Combination.

Pressing W I C ',X I calculates the number of possible sets of y different items taken in quantities of x items at a time regardless of order where no item occurs more than once in a set , I C ',X I calculates combinations by the following formula: y!

To execute a permutation or combination: 1. Key in the number of items y. Key in the quantity of items required x per arrangement or set. All permutation and combination inputs must be non- negative integers. Random Number Seed. The new random number will appear in the displayed X-register. The newly generated random number also becomes the seed for the next random number in the current sequence. Whenever Continuous Memory is reset, or when a power failure occurs, the random number seed is set to zero.

Repeated use of the same value for a random number seed will produce repetitions ofthe same random number sequence. Passes the s pectra l tes t Knuth, Vol. For exampl e, The results are automatically accumulated in storage registers Ro through R 5.

To ensure that all accumulations registers are set to zero before beginning a new series of accumulations, press [IJ CLEAR m clears Ro through R5 and the stack before beginning the operation. R, LX : Summation of X values. R2 LX 2 : Summation of squares of x values. R3 LY : Summation of y values. R4 Ly2 : Summation of squares of y values. R5 LXY : Summation of products of x and y values.

The number previously in the Y-register is not changed. If your statistics problem involves only one variable x instead of two x and y , ensure that the Y-register holds zero for each execution of the ITJ function. Pressing ill CLEAR m once, just before beginning a new accumulations series, ensures a clear Y- register for a one-number series by clearing the stack as well as the L registers Ro through R5 ' Some sets of data points consist of a series of x-values or y-values that differ from each other by a comparatively small amount.

You can maximize the precision of any statistical calculation involving Section 3: Numeric Functions 57 such data by keying in only the differences between each value and a number approximating the average of the values.

This number must be added to the result of calculating oX, y, or the y-intercept of L. For example, if your x values consist of , , and , you should enter the data as - 1, 0, and 1. If afterwards you calculate oX, add to the answer. In some cases the calculator cannot compute s, r, L. This will not happen, however, if you normalize the data as described above. Note: Unlike storage register arithmetic, the and [B operations allow overflow to occur in storage registers Ro through R5 without indicating Error 1 in the display.

You can recall any of the statistics accumulations to the displayed X-register by pressing I RCL I and the number of the data storage register holding the desired statistical accumulation. Pressing I the stack to lift in the same way that it would if you keyed in two numbers in sequence.

Electrical energy re- searcher Helen I. Voltz suspects a possible relationship between the rise in worldwide coal production in the years through and a similar rise in worldwide electricity output for the same period. To assist in a study of the data, Voltz will use her HP-llC to accumulate the coal production and electrical output sta- tistics.

Find and for the paired x and y values of Voltz's data. I RCLI2 IRCLI3 9. I RCL I4 IRCLI5 Section 3: Numeric Functions 59 1. Key the incorrect data pair into the X- and Y-registers. Key in the correct values for x and y. If one value of an x, y data pair is incorrect, you must delete and re-enter both values. Press lliJ. However, the difference will not be serious unless the erroneous pair has a magnitude that is enormous compared with the correct pair; and in such a case it may be wise to start over again and re-enter the data again and more carefully!

After keying in the preceding data, Voltz found new information indicating that the coal output for the last data pair should have been 1. Then input the correct data pair. Keystrokes 1. Number of pair entries then drops to 4. Key in and accumulate the replacement data pair. Number of pairs accumulated is again five. Retain the preceding statistics in your calculator for use in the following examples.

When you press w lIl: 1. The contents of the stack registers lift in the same way as when you press I RCL Illi], as described on page The mean ofthe x values i is calculated using the statistics accumulated in R1 LX and Ro n. The mean of the y values ji is calculated using the data accumulated in registers R 3 LY and Ro n.

The formulas used are shown below. The values for i and ji are placed in the X- and Y-registers of the stack. From the five year statistical data you accumulated and corrected in the previous example, calculate the average coal production and electrical output for the entire period.

Keystrokes wlIl Display 6. Average coal production average Y-register inputs for the five-year period. Standard Deviation Pressing W W computes the standard deviation a measure of dispersion around the mean of the accumulated statistics data. Consequently, the standard deviation given by these formulas is termed by convention the sample standard deviation.

When you press Ww: 1. The standard deviation of the x values sx is calculated using the data accumulated in registers R2 Ix 2 , Rl Lx , and Ro n according to the formula shown above. The resultant value for Sx is placed in the X-register. The standard deviation of the y values Sy is calculated using the statistical data accumulated in registers R 4 l:y2 , R 3 l:y , and Ro n according to the formula shown above. The resultant value for Sy is available in the Y-register. Calculate the standard deviation for the corrected coal production and electrical output accumulations used in the previous examples.

Keystrokes w[i Display 0. Standard deviation of coal production Y-register inputs for the five-year period. Retain the preceding statistics in your HP-llC for use in the next example. When your data constitutes not just a sample of a population but rather all of the population, the standard deviation of the data is the true population standard deviation denoted a.

The difference between the values is small, and for most applications can be ignored. Nevertheless, if you want to calculate the exact value of the population standard deviation for an entire population, you can easily do so with just a few keystrokes on your HP-llC.

Simply add, using the [I] key, the mean of of the data to the data and then press W [i. The result will be the true population standard deviation of the original data. Section 3: Numeric Functions 63 Linear Regression Linear regression is a statistical method for finding a straight line that best fits a set of two or more data pairs, thus providing a relationship between two variables.

To use the linear regression function on your HP-llC, use the key to accumulate the statistics of a series of two or more data pairs. Then execute Q;]J. When you press []Q;]J: 1. Solution: Voltz could draw a plot of coal production against electrical output, like the one in the following illustration. Slope of the line. Retain the preceding statistical accumulations in your calculator for use in the next example. Linear Estimation.

With statistics accumulated in registers Ro through R 5 , an estimated value for y denoted y can be calculated by keying in a known value for x and pressing ITl.

Section 3: Numeric Functions 65 y 5 6. Both linear regression and linear estimation presume that the relationship between the x and y data values can be approximated, to some degree, by a linear function that is, a straight line. The correlation coefficient r is a determination of how closely your data "fits" a straight line.

The number that appears in the displayed X-register will be a y value meaningless, unless you keyed in a specific x-value, as described above. To view the correlation coefficient value r , exchange the contents ofthe X- and Y-registers by pressing I x '" ' I. However, because y is calculated from the value in the displayed X-register, when you press m[I!

Using the statistics saved from the previous example, if Voltz wishes to predict coal production 5' for , she keys in an estimate of electrical production a "known" x-value for and presses ITl O[U.

Because the correlation coefficient for Voltz' s data is automatically included in the calculation, she can view how closely her data fits a straight line by simply pressing I x v I after the y prediction appears in the display. Keystrokes 7. Predicted coal production for The data closely approximates a straight line. Section 4 Display Control When you turn on your HP-llC, because of Continuous Memory, the display setting will be the same as it was before you last turned off the calculator.

But regardless of the display options in effect, the HP-llC always internally represents each number as a lO-digit mantissa and a two-digit exponent of Thus, when the calculator is set to display only four digits past the decimal point, the fixed constant pi, for example, appears in the display as 3. However, pi is always represented internally as 3. The following illustration shows how the number , would be displayed by a 4-digit setting in each of the t hree modes.

IlK] fixed decimal displays numbers using a fixed decimal mode without -1, IlK] mode. The calculator will automatically switch back to the specified! IlK] mode when a number is displayed that can be viewed in that particular! IlK] mode display setting. Keystrokes 1 However, internally the number is maintained in its original value to 10 digits. I SCI I scientific displays numbers in scientific notation mode. To select or modify a []Q] mode, press [I] []Q] foll owed by the number key 0 through 6 that specifies the number of decimal places you want the display rounded to.

For display rounding, 7, 8, and 9 can also be used, but no more than six digits can be displayed to the right of the decimal while in I SCI I mode. Keystrokes Section 4: Display Control 69 Display 1. As indicated in the above examples, display rounding occurs on the last decimal place you specify when you place the calculator in I SCI I mode. Specifying more than six digits to the right of the decimal will not increase the number of digits displayed to the right of the decimal beyond six.

However, specifying seven or more to the right of the decimal will move rounding into the digits held internally that follow those allowed by the largest I SCI I display. Using the display remaining from the previous example, the following operation does not increase the number of digits in the display, but does move rounding beyond the displayed digits. Rounds to 8 th decimal place.

No change in displayed digits. Rounds to 9 th decimal place. For example, 1. The number of digits specified for the display setting refers to the number of significant digits you want to appear after the leading digit.

Sign of Number 7-Digit Mantissa Sign of Exponent Exponent In engineering notation, the first significant digit is always present in the display. The number key you press after 1]1 ENG 1 specifies the number of additional significant digits to which you want the display to be rounded.

For example: Keystrokes. Display is rounded to one significant digit after the leading digit. Power of 10 is proper multiple of three. Decimal shifts to maintain multiple of 3 in exponent. For example, divide 95, by Avogadro' s number 6. For example, key in Planck's constant 6. Note: Decimal digits keyed into t he exponent field wil l disappear from the display when you press I EEX I, but will be retained internally.

To key in such a number, use a form having a higher or lower exponent value, as appropriate. For example, All numbers held in the calculator's stack and data storage registers are represented internally as digit mantissas with a two-digit exponent. The final result of every calculation or series of calculations is rounded to the tenth digit.

Because the HP-llC can provide only a finite approximation of such numbers 10 digits , a small error due to rounding can occur in the tenth digit. This error can be increased through lengthy calculations, but in the majority of cases, it does not enter the practical range of significant digits for a particular application.

Accurately assessing the effects of roundoff error for a given calculation requires the use of numerical analysis methods that are beyond the scope ofthis handbook. A program is a sequence of keystrokes that is remembered by the calculator. You can execute a given program as often as you like- with just one or two keystrokes. The stack responds to instructions in a running program in exactly the same way it responds to an identical set of instructions executed from the keyboard.

The answer displayed at the end of program execution is likewise the same as the one you would obtain by executing the instructions from the keyboard. No prior programming experience is necessary to learn HP-llC programming. Why Write Programs? Programs save you time on repetitive calculations. Once you have written the keystroke procedure for solving a particular problem and recorded it in the calculator, you need no longer devote attention to the individual keystrokes that make up the procedure.

You can let the calculator solve each problem for you. And because you can easily check the procedure in your program, you have more confidence in your final answer since you don't have to worry each time about whether or not you have pressed an incorrect key. The following information covers the operation of your HP-llC's programming features.

For guidelines that can help you in planning and developing your programs, refer to page , Structure, in part III of this handbook.

Program Control Automatic Memory Reallocation The HP-llC's reallocation of memory space between program memory and data storage is controlled automatically by the calculator. Because of this internal control, memory reallocation 74 Section 5: Programming Basics 75 does not affect the display or your keyboard operations. For this reason, you need be concerned only with: 1. What causes reallocations, and 2. What happens in memory when a reallocation takes place.

When program memory is cleared, or when Continuous Memory is reset, the calculator's memory configuration is 20 data storage registers plus the I-register and 63 lines of available program memory. I B, I B2 R. I 76 Section 5: Programming Basics As instructions are keyed into program memory. If all 63 lines of the initial program space are already occupied and you key in a 64 th program instruction. The HP-llC's memory configuration would then be 70 lines of program memory and 20 data storage registers.

Keying in a 71 8t program instruction automatically reallocates storage register R. This pattern can be repeated until all 20 convertible data storage register Rg through RD. Rg through Ra have been reallocated to program memory. If all convertible data storage registers are reallocated to program memory.

The following table shows the allocation of the lines of program memory to their respective storage registers. While you hold 1 MEM I, the calculator will display 1 , the number of available program lines to fill before conversion of the next storage register and 2 , the name ofthe next storage register to be converted. The keycode for any program instruction will have one, two, or 78 Section 5: Programming Basics three elements, depending upon whether the instruction required one, two, or three keystrokes.

An unnecessary III prefix keystroke pressed as part of a program instruction will not appear in the keycode for that instruction. References to other keys that can be used in abbreviated key sequences are included in the appropriate sections. When the calculator is in Program mode, the PRGM annunciator appears in the display and program instructions can be inserted or deleted.

In Run mode either programs stored in program memory or individual keyboard functions can be executed. Clear Program Memory. Section 5: Programming Basics 79 Go to Line The HP-llC's labels are addresses for programs, program branches, and program subroutines. The alpha labels CIJ and the numeric labels 0 through 9 are keyed into program memory by pressing m I LBL I label and the desired alpha or numeric key.

With the calculator in Run mode, a program addressed by an alpha label is executed by pressing the m shift key and the label key. Labels 0 through 9 can also be used to address programs, but are usually reserved for program subdivisions branches and subroutines. The I RTN I return instruction, when used to end a program, causes program execution to transfer to line and halt.

When a program is halted, pressing I RI S I causes program execution to begin with the line of program memory the calculator is currently positioned to. When ml PSE I pause is encountered in a running program, execution halts temporarily approximately one second to allow viewing of the number currently in the displayed X-register.

Program execution then resumes. User Mode User mode is a convenience feature you can use to save keystrokes during program operations. USER I 0. Note: To avoid inadvertently executing or programming a wrong function, User mode should be activated only when specifically desired. Program Memory As you may remember from the heat loss program you keyed in at the beginning of this handbook, the keystrokes used to calculate a solution manually are also used when you write a program to calculate the solution automatically.

These keystrokes are stored in the calculator's program memory. Press I GTO now to return the calculator to the top of program memory. Remember, whenever the calculator is in Program mode, the PRGM annunciator will be visible in the display. The display should now show , which is the top of program memory marker. Section 5: Programming Basics 81 When the calculator is in program mode, the number that you see on the left side of the display indicates the line number in program memory to which the calculator is set.

The other numbers in the display are keycodes for the keystrokes that have been loaded into that line of program memory. Press 3. Each line of program memory "remembers" a single program instruction, whether that instruction consists of one, two, or three keystrokes. Thus, one line of program memory might contain a single-keystroke instruction like I CHS I, while another line of program memory could contain the three-keystroke instruction I STO I GJ 6 adds the number in the displayed X-register to the number in R 6.

The keystrokes in program instructions are represented in the calculator by keycodes. The key rows are numbered 1 through 4.

The key columns are numbered 1 through The tenth column is represented in HP-llC keycodes as a 0, for example, "20" represents row 2, column 10, and corresponds to the GJ key. The only key positions which do not conform to the matrix code are functions assigned to the through 9 digit keys. The codes for functions on these keys are simply the single digit on the face of the key. II ii ii II. For example: 23 Your display will now show the first line ofthe heat loss program: J Keycode The number code designates the line number of program memory.

In this manner all programmable keystrokes except functions assigned to digit keys are represented by a two-digit keycode. Let's Section 5: Programming Basics 83 see an example. Your HP-llC's display will now show the keycode for the second instruction of the heat loss program: The "3" denotes, in this case, the number 3.

The box at the right shows how the keycode would change when the "3" key is used with or without the ITJ and []] prefix keys. Press each key in turn and verify the key codes shown in the display. Keystrokes Display 0 0 The "0" digit key. Programming Operations The preceding topic, keycodes, covered individual program instructions. Now let's take some time to examine the details of a complete programming process.

The following paragraph describes a new program we can create to help illustrate the steps involved in programming. Finally you would multiply the squared radius and 71" together by pressing GJ.

The resulting keystroke sequence is shown below. Beginning and Ending a Program To define the beginning of a program use an ill I LBL I label instruction followed by one of the alpha or numeric keys to specify which label. The use oflabels permits you to have several different programs or parts of programs loaded into the calculator at any time, and to run them in the order you choose. In a running program, a I RTN I instruction used in this manner causes the calculator to immediately transfer execution to line and halt.

I RTN lends program. Note: When a running program encounters the end of occupied program memory, the effect is the same as if a W I RTN I had been encountered. This means that if your last instruction in occupied program memory will be a Wi RTN I, it can be eliminated, saving you one line of memory space. Section 5: Programming Basics 85 The Complete Program The complete program to calculate the area of any circle given its radius is: Assigns name to and defines beginning of program.

Squares the radius you input stack does not lift or drop. Summons rr into the display stack lifts. Multiplies the squared radius by rr stack drops and displays answer. Defines end of program; calculator returns to line and halts. Loading a Program A program can be loaded in memory ahead of or after other programs already in memory. If a new program is loaded ahead of an existing program by going to line and keying in the new instructions , the existing program will be bumped downward in memory, one line at a time, as you key in the new program's instructions.

To prepare for loading the preceding Area of a Circle program: l. The PRGM annunciator will appear in the display.